China

China

The People's Republic of China / is the most populated country in the world with more than 1.338 billion people. It is located in East Asia and is ruled by the Communist Party of China under the one-party system.

 China is made up of more than 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four municipalities directly administered (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Chongqing, and two from the autonomous regions - Hong Kong and Macao. The country's capital is Beijing.

The country extends over an area of ​​9.6 million square kilometers (3.7 million square miles), as the People's Republic of China is the third or fourth largest of the total area (depending on the definition of what is included in this total), and the second largest according to the land area.

 The landscape in China varies between forests, steppe and deserts (Gopi and Taklamakan) in the arid north near Mongolia and Siberia in Russia and the subtropical forests in the wet south near Vietnam, Laos and Burma. The terrain in the west is rugged and at high altitude, with the Himalayas and the Tian Shan Mountains forming the natural borders of China with India and Central Asia.

In contrast, the east coast of the Chinese mainland is low, with a long coastline of 14,500 km, bordered to the southeast by the South China Sea, and to the east by the East China Sea, which lies outside Taiwan, Korea, and Japan.

In 1911, after more than two thousand years of imperial rule over the country, the Republic of China was established, after a group of revolutionaries overthrew the ruling regime and the imperial court of the Qing dynasty that had remained for a whole century (see Century of Insult).

Before this date, it suffered from internal revolts and international control over its internal affairs by other empires, and Confucian teachings that strengthened the rule of the Qing dynasty of the country were questioned in addition to the general lack of confidence in the national culture that drove the country into a state of general despair which forced more than 40 million individuals Of the people (about 10% of the total population at that time).

To addiction to narcotic heroin. During the period of the suppression of the boxer revolution in 1900 by an alliance led by eight of the great powers of the time (Russia, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States, France, Germany, Italy and the Austro-Hungarian Empire) the Qing Empire had already clinically died, but the absence of an alternative ruler system takes the reins of government It was postponed until 1912.

The People's Republic of China is the second largest country in the world in terms of land area, and is the third or fourth in relation to the total area. Uncertainty about the total area of ​​the country is due to two reasons: The first is the validity of China's claims about lands such as Aksai Chen and tracts across Karakoram (as claimed by India) The second is how to calculate the total size of the United States, as the World Factbook gives the United States an area of ​​9,826,630 km2 (3,794,080 sq mi).

The British Encyclopedia gives it 9,522,055 km2 (3,676,486 sq mi). China is bordered by 14 countries and is (along with Russia) the most bordering countries with other countries; clockwise from the south, China’s neighbors are: Vietnam, Laos, Burma, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Russia, Mongolia and North Korea.

 In addition, the borders between the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China are in territorial waters. China’s land border is 22,117 km (13,743 mi) and is the longest in the world.

The scenery varies in China. In the east lies along the shores of the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea where the densely populated areas are in the alluvial plains, while at the edges of the Inner Mongolia Plateau in the north, pastures can be seen. Southern China is dominated by hills and low mountain ranges.

In the east of the country's center are the main delta of the Chinese rivers, the Yellow River and the Yangtze River (Changjiang). Other major rivers are Shi, Mekong, Brahmaputra and Amur. To the west are the main mountain ranges, especially the Himalayas, where the highest point in China is located in the eastern half of Mount Everest at 8,848 m (29029 ft), while the high plateaus characterize the arid landscape such as the Taklamakan Desert and the Gobi Desert.

China is one of seventeen countries with high biological diversity, due to its location in two large biomes, namely the ancient Arctic region and the Hindu region or East. In the first region it was possible to find mammals such as horse, camel, tapir and jerboa.

In the Hindu region, it is possible to find creatures such as tigers, bamboo rats, tree lilies, and various types of monkeys. There is some overlap between the two regions due to the natural spread of animals and the migration of some species, as well as some species that can be found in both regions and various environmental regions, such as deer, antelope, bears, wolves, pigs and rodents. The famous giant panda is only found in a limited area along the Yangtze River. Trade in endangered species is still an ongoing dilemma, although laws currently prohibit such activities.

China also contains a variety of forest types. In the northeast and northwest are cold mountainous and coniferous forests that support animal species such as the Asian black bear and the moose, along with about 120 species of birds.

 The wet coniferous forests are dominated by bamboo forests mainly in the lowlands, and are replaced by rosettes in the highest mountain terraces, and from the prominent trees in the high areas: Juniper and Yo. Sub-tropical forests are widespread in central and southern China, and support nearly 146,000 plant species.

The rainforest and seasonal rain forests, although limited to the island of Henan and Yunnan, actually contains a quarter of all plants and animals found in China