Mexico

Mexico

The United States of Mexico / is a federal constitutional republic of North America. It is bounded on the north by the United States, on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean, on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize and the Caribbean Sea and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico.

With an area of ​​almost two million square kilometers, it is the fifth largest country in the Americas in terms of total area and thirteenth among the independent countries in the world. Its population is estimated at more than 112 million, making it the eleventh most populous globally and most populous country in Spanish-speaking countries. Mexico is a federation of 31 states and one federal province, the capital city.

Mexico is one of the largest economies in the world and is a regional and medium power. In addition, Mexico was the first Latin American member to join the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (since 1994) and is a country with above-average incomes. Mexico is a new industrialized country and an emerging power.

 It has the thirteenth and eleventh nominal gross domestic product in terms of purchasing power parity. Its economy is closely linked to its FTA partners in North America, especially the United States.

Mexico ranks first in the Americas and fifth in the world in terms of the number of UNESCO World Heritage sites of 31 sites, and in 2007 it was the tenth in terms of the number of visitors in the world with 21.4 million international tourists annually.

Several pre-Columbian cultures and civilizations matured in pre-Columbian Central America such as the Olympics, Toltecs, Teotihuacan, Zapotecs, Mayas and Aztecs before the first contact with the Europeans. In 1521, Spain occupied the land from its base in Mexico (Tenochtitlan) and administered the Spanish Crown in the name of New Spain.

That colony eventually became Mexico where its independence was recognized in 1821. The post-independence period was marked by economic instability, the Mexican-American War, and ceding land in favor of the United States, civil war, two empires, and a local dictatorship.

The latter led to the Mexican Revolution in 1910, which culminated with the promulgation of the 1917 constitution and the emergence of the country's current political system. The July 2000 presidential election was the first time that an opposition party from the Institutional Revolutionary Party had won.

Mexico is one of the 18 countries with the greatest biodiversity in the world. More than 200,000 different species of organism live in the country, which makes Mexico the habitat of 10-12% of the world's biodiversity.

Mexico ranks first in the field of biological diversity in reptiles as it contains 707 known species, as it is second in mammals in 438 species, fourth in amphibians in 290 species, and fourth in plants in 26,000 different species. Mexico is also the second largest country in the world in ecosystems and the fourth in total species. There are about 2,500 species protected by Mexican legislation.

Mexico is the 23rd largest global spender on tourism in the world and the highest in Latin America. The vast majority of tourists come to Mexico from the United States and Canada, as do other visitors from Europe and Asia. A small number of tourists also come from other Latin American countries. In the 2008 Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index, Mexico was the fifth among Latin American countries and the ninth in the Americas.

Mexico City is most popular with tourists as an ancient Central American city and the site of many famous sights such as the pyramid of the sun and the pyramid of the moon. The city is also home to the Plaza de Mexico and the Mexican National Palace, which was built on the site of Montezuma's Palace and the massive capital's cathedral and the largest in the Western Hemisphere and built over the largest Teucali Temple.

Mexico has the thirteenth nominal GDP globally and the eleventh in terms of purchasing power parity. The average annual GDP growth rate for the period 1995 and 2002 was 5.1%. External debt also fell to less than 20% of GDP.

Between 2000 and 2004, the population under the poverty line declined from 24.2% to 17.6% of the total population and from 42% to 27.9% in rural areas. Since the late 1990s, the majority of the population has been part of a growing middle class. The Mexican economy is expected to nearly triple by 2020. According to Goldman Sachs, by 2050 Mexico will be among the top 5 economies in the world.

According to a 2008 UN report, average income in a typical urban area of ​​Mexico was $ 26,654, which is higher than in developed countries such as South Korea or Taiwan, while average income in rural areas only miles away did not exceed $ 8,403, which is similar to countries. Developing as Russia or Turkey.

The minimum daily wages are set annually by law and according to region; 57.46 pesos ($ 5.75) in Area A (Baja California, Federal District, State of Mexico, and Big Cities) and 55.84 Pesos ($ 5.59) in Area B (Sonora and Nuevo Leon) Tamaulipas, Veracruz and Jalisco) and 54.47 pesos ($ 5.45) in Area C (all other states).

In 2006, trade with the United States and Canada was approximately 50% of Mexico's exports and 45% of its imports. During the first three quarters of 2010, the United States had a trade deficit of $ 46.0 billion in favor of Mexico. In August 2010, Mexico overtook France to become the ninth largest creditor to the United States.

Trade and financial dependence on the United States is a cause for concern. Remittances from Mexican citizens working in the United States account for 0.2% of Mexican GDP, which is equivalent to $ 20 billion annually in 2004 and is the tenth largest source of foreign income after exports, industrial oils, manufactured goods, electronics, heavy industries, cars, construction, food, banks, and financial services. According to the Central Bank of Mexico, the value of remittances in 2008 was about $ 25 billion.

Mexico is the largest country in North America in the auto manufacturing sector, bypassing Canada and the United States recently. The industry produces technologically complex components and participates in some research and development activities. The Big Three (GM, Ford and Chrysler) have been operating in Mexico since the 1930s, while Volkswagen and Nissan built their factories in the 1960s.

In Puebla alone, there are 70 Volkswagen industrial centers. The relatively small domestic industry in the auto business is Dina, which has been manufacturing buses and trucks for nearly half a century, and the new Mastrita, which makes high-performance sports cars.