India

India

India / Officially the Republic of India is a republic located in South Asia. It is the seventh largest country in terms of geographical area, and the second in terms of population, and it is the most populous democratic republic in the world. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south, the Arabian Sea to the west, and the Bay of Bengal to the east, and India has a coastline of 7,517 km (4,700 mi).

It borders Pakistan from the west. The People's Republic of China, Nepal, Bhutan to the north, Bangladesh and Myanmar to the east. The Indian government also considers that the borders of Jammu and Kashmir with Afghanistan are within the borders of the state of India, de facto as a result of Indian control over Jammu and Kashmir. India is located near Sri Lanka, the Maldives and Indonesia, on the Indian Ocean.

On the administrative level, India is a federal republic, consisting of 28 states and seven federal regions with a parliamentary parliamentary system. The Indian economy is the seventh largest in the world and the third largest purchasing power. After market-based reforms in 1991, India became one of the fastest growing economies in the world and was classified as a new industrialized country. Despite this, the country still faces the challenges of poverty, corruption, malnutrition and the inefficiency of public health care systems.

On the military side, India is a regional military power as it ranks among the nuclear-weapon states. The Indian army is classified as the third largest army in the world, while India ranks sixth in military spending between countries. Due to the huge population density, India has a multi-religious society, and it is also multi-lingual and multi-ethnic, and India is also home to the diversity of wildlife in many types of reserves.

India is the cradle of the Indus Valley civilization, the historical trade route area and many empires. The Indian subcontinent has been known for its commercial and cultural riches for a significant period of its long history.

Four major religions have emerged on Indian soil: Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism, and Sikhism, while Zoroastrianism, Judaism, Christianity and Islam reached it in the first millennium AD, and these religions and cultures formed the cultural diversity of the region.

Historically, the administration of India was entrusted to the British East India Company early in the eighteenth century, then colonized by the United Kingdom from the mid-nineteenth century to the mid-twentieth century, then India became independent in 1947 after the struggle for independence that was marked Widely used by non-violent resistance.

India is located within the Territory of Hindalawi, and it has a great biological diversity. It is one of eighteen "great diversity" countries. It is home to 7.6% of all mammals, 12.6% of birds, 6.2% of reptiles, 4.4% of all amphibians, 11.7% of fish and 6.0% of all types of flowering plants.

Many ecological regions, such as shola forests, have a high rate of endemism. 33% of all plants in India as a whole are endemic. India's forests cover areas of the Andaman tropical rainforest, western Ghats and northeastern India to the coniferous forests of the Himalayas.

Between these two extremes lie the moist forest of sal trees in eastern India, the dry teak tree forest in southern India and the thorny babul tree forest in the center of Deccan and west of the Gangetic Plain.

It is an important medicinal neem tree in India and is widely used in folk Indian herbal remedies. The huge fig-tree "pipal fig" appears on Mohenjo-daro seals and casts a shadow over the Gautama Buddha as he pursues the flag. There is also an important type of tree in India, which is the incense stick, which is exported in large quantities.

Many Indian species are descendants of Gondwana origin, to which India originally belongs. The subsequent move of the Indian peninsula forward and its collision with the land of Lorasia caused the departure of many species interchangeably, while the volcanic eruptions and climatic changes 20 million years ago caused the extinction of many Indian endemic forms.

Shortly thereafter, mammals entered India from Asia via two zoogeographical paths on both sides of the Himalayas. As a result, among the Indian species, only 12.6% of mammals and 4.5% of birds are endemic, compared to 45.8% of reptiles and 55.8% of amphibians.

Among the famous endemic mammals is the Nilgiri leaf, brown and cochineal frog Beddome from Western Ghats. India contains 172 or 2.9% of endangered species according to the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources classification.

This includes the Asian lion, Bengal tigers, and the white Indian rumped eagle that was on the verge of extinction due to its eating of cattle carcasses that were being treated with diclofenac. In recent decades, human excesses have posed a threat to wildlife in India; in response, it was created, for the first time in 1935.

The system of national parks and protected areas has been expanded later. In 1972, India enacted the Wildlife Protection Act and the Tiger Project to Protect Endangered Animal Citizens; in addition to the Forest Conservation Act passed in 1980. Besides more than five hundred wildlife reserves, India hosts thirteen biosphere reserves, four of which are part From the Global Network of Biosphere Reserves: Twenty-five wetlands registered under the Ramsar Convention.

The cinema in India is the largest in the world. Bollywood, which is based in Mumbai, where Indian commercial films are made, is the most prolific Indian cinema in the world. Indian cinema produces around 1,000 feature films annually and sells about 900 million ideas to enter Indian films globally. The number of cinemas in India is approximately 13,000, while the number of viewers of Indian cinema is estimated at 30 million viewers per day. Ancient traditional cinema is also found in Bengali, Kannada, Malayalam, Marathi, Tamil and Telugu language.