Iraq
Iraq
Iraq or (formally: the Republic of Iraq), and (in Kurdish: as the Iraqi people), is an Arab country, and it is a federal republic in accordance with the Constitution of Iraq, and it consists of officially eighteen governorates, and nineteen de facto governorates (Halabja governorate), with its capital Baghdad, Iraq is one of the West Asian countries bordering the Arabian Gulf. It is bounded on the south by Kuwait and Saudi Arabia, on the north by Turkey, on the west by Syria and Jordan, and on the east by Iran, and is a founding member of the League of Arab States, Organization of the Islamic Conference and OPEC. Most of the area now called Iraq was called ancient Mesopotamia, (Beth Nahrin in Aramaic),And (in Greek: Μεσοποταμία), it contained the first civilization centers in the world that included the area between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers which is the Sumer civilization, and the borders of this civilization that occupied the country between the two rivers extended to Syria and Persia and to the southeastern region of Anatolia Turkey now, as I found Sumerian monuments in the current state of Kuwait, Bahrain and Al-Ahwaz in Iran. Mesopotamia had openness and contact with ancient civilizations in Egypt and India. And the rule of Iraq punished many countries and civilizations, the most important of which are Sumerian, Babylonian, Chaldean, Assyrian, Medieval, Seleucid, Parthian, and imperialRoman, Sassanid, Manadhira, Rashid caliphate, Umayyad state, Abbasid state, Mongols, Safavid state, Afsharid state, Ottoman state, then British mandate, then Iraqi kingdom, then republic, then Urha authority (Reconstruction of Iraq), Coalition Provisional Authority , Then the interim Iraqi government, then the Federal Parliamentary Republic of Iraq.
Iraq is a country with great terrain diversity. From mountains and valleys in northern Iraq, especially in the Kurdistan region, to the hills in the Hamrin hills, from the fertile sedimentary plain between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers to arid deserts such as the Arabian desert and the desert of the Levant, as well as Iraq contains the Western desert plateau In the West, and on two important rivers are the Tigris and Euphrates, on whose banks the first civilizations arose, and the existence of natural marshes in southern Iraq, which is an environment for animals that do not exist elsewhere in the world, the most famous of which is the Hawizah and Hamar marshes. Artificial lakes such as Tharthar, Razzazah, and others, and natural lakes such as Sawa, are found in the desert of Samawah in the Muthanna Governorate.
Iraq is the country of the birth of the Prophet Ibrahim, and the land of many prophets such as Yunus, Ezekiel, Daniel, Azir, Nahum, Hanina (Hanin in Arabic), Adam, Noah, Houd, Salih, Zulkifl, Suleiman, and Ayoub (all with actual shrines in Iraq, or according to Islamic, Christian, and Jewish accounts), and for many Among the Imams of the Sunnis and Shiites such as Imam Ali, Imam Al-Hussein, and his brother Al Abbas, and the two imam Al-Kazemin, and the two military imams, Imam Al-Mahdi, Imam Abdul Qadir Al-Jilani, and the Grand Imam Abu Hanifa Al-Numan, and many of the shrines and shrines of the children of the imams among the Shiites. And the companions like Salman Al-Farisi, and the followers.
Geographically, the Arabian Gulf is the only sea port for Iraq in the world, with the length of the coast of Iraq about 58 km, and the port of Umm Qasr in Basra is one of the most important Iraqi ports overlooking the Gulf. The Tigris and Euphrates rivers pass from northern Iraq to its south, which were the basis for the emergence of the first civilized centers in the world over Mesopotamia, which has existed in Iraq throughout history and over a period of 8,000 years, by the Akkadian, Sumerian, Assyrian, and Babylonian. Among the produced by the civilization of a country betweenThe two rivers invented the character by the Sumerians. He enacted the first written laws in the history of mankind in what is known in historical sources as the Hammurabi Sharia, and it is likely that Iraq had the first museum in the world, which is the Angali Museum - Nana, and the list of Princess Angaldi, the daughter of Nebo Ned, dates back to about 530 BC in Ur in Dhi Qar Governorate.
Shortly after Saddam became president of Iraq, he gathered leaders of the Baath Party on July 22, 1979 AD at the Al-Khald Hall in Baghdad, and during the meeting he ordered to photograph, Saddam said he found spies and conspirators within the Baath Party, and read the names of those who were secretly associated with Hafez al-Assad. They were described as treason, and they were taken one by one to face execution by firing squad outside the meeting room and upon the audience.
In 1980 Iraq entered a war with Iran, and on August 2, 1990, Saddam invaded Kuwait. Which led to the outbreak of the second Gulf War in 1991. Immediately after the second Gulf War, an uprising took place in southern and northern Iraq, known as the popular uprising, and it started on the 3rd of March 1991.
The siege began on August 6, 1990, four days after the invasion of Kuwait, and the Security Council continued to impose economic sanctions against Iraq. Iraq was accused of violating its obligations in the 1990s, including accusing it in 1993 of masterminding a plan to assassinate former US President George HW Bush.
The imposition of the embargo on Iraq had dire consequences, as it caused the destruction of the country's economy, the decline in the level of health and education, and caused a humanitarian catastrophe due to the lack of food and medicine. Iraq has rejected Security Council resolutions 706 and 712, which allow Iraq to sell oil in exchange for humanitarian aid. But Iraq later agreed, and humanitarian aid was transferred to it, according to Security Council Resolution 986, which approved the oil-for-food program. And confrontations took place between the Iraqi army forces loyal to the regime and Shiite fighters.
After that, Iraq remained besieged internationally until 2003, when the American forces occupied the entire territory of the Iraqi Republic. Saddam was arrested on December 13, 2003 in an operation called the Red Dawn.
God bless you Iraq
ردحذف