Suez Canal

Suez Canal

The history of the Suez Canal - The history of the Suez Canal is as great a history as the history of this vital facility for global navigation requires to narrate it honestly several huge volumes, but I will suffice to list some important points in order to give the reader an honest and comprehensive idea. First: The Pharaohs Channel 1887 BC: - The first to think about linking the Red Sea to the Mediterranean Sea indirectly. Through the Nile and its branches, Pharaoh of Egypt, Senusert III of the Twelfth Dynasty. In order to consolidate trade and facilitate transportation and transport between East and West.

Second: The current channel, November 30, 1854. Farman, the first franchise: - Ferdinand de Lesbes, the French diplomat, managed the influence of the governor of Egypt, Mohamed Said Pasha, to extract approval from him to split the isthmus of Suez. In return for granting de Lesseps a concession that exploits it for 99 years, starting from the opening date.

Third: The channel after the nationalizations: - - The nationalization of the channel, 26 July 1956. The late President Gamal Abdel Nasser announced in his historic speech in Alexandria. The decision of nationalizing the International Suez Canal Company and returning it to its rightful owners, thus ending the concession contract granted to them.

- The Suez Canal extends from Port Said Port to the Port of Suez, and the nature of the soil in it varies according to the region. In the Port Said area and the surrounding area, the soil consists of clay and silt deposits that were washed away over thousands of years from the Damietta branch of the Nile, and this soil extends to the city Qantara, 40 km south of Port Said, where the silt mixes with sand. The soil of the central channel of the canal and the sulfur is made of a mixture of fine and coarse sand, while the soil in the southern region consists of layers of sandy and limestone rocks, and the sides of the canal cover the stones. Solid and barriers Steel according to the nature of the soil in each region, in order to protect it from the waves resulting from the passage of ships in the canal.

The importance of the Suez Canal to the world: The Suez Canal is considered important for the world, because it connects the Mediterranean and the Red Sea, as it connects the two continents of Asia and Africa, except that it forms the shortest sea route between the lands surrounding the Indian Ocean and the Western Pacific And Europe on the other hand, so it is considered the most used corridor for shipping purposes in the world. On the other hand, the Suez Canal, which was of military importance for Britain until the last century, has now become important in enhancing the American naval military strength.

The importance of the Suez Canal to Egypt: - Recently, the number of ships passing from the Suez Canal reached 17,148 ships in 2014, the year in which President Abdel-Fattah al-Sisi expanded the channel, and the goal of the expansion was to increase the economic importance of Egypt, as the number of ships passing through The channel is daily to 50 ships loaded with more than 300 tons of goods annually, as the channel became available for the passage of ships from both sides, as it was expanded from 61 meters to 312 meters and a distance of 33.8 kilometers,The cost of this expansion has reached eight billion dollars. On the other hand, the Suez Canal is considered a passageway free of locks, except that it is one of the most used shipping methods in the world. Ship daily.

The commercialization of the Suez Canal: - The Suez Canal has a great strategic importance, and it has a great impact on global trade, and the Jews have two important factors, the first of which is its effect in reducing travel distances between the different economic regions, and it is the most important factor, and the second is its permitting the introduction of ships to Egypt through More direct roads, more quickly, which increases the gains that result from reduced travel distances. The Suez Canal, which was built under British auspices in 1869, alongside the Panama Canal, is one of the most important short cuts in the world.Its importance in the Middle East is strengthened by its facilitation of oil and Asian trade in the Pacific. The journey from the Persian Gulf to the scope of Europe took about 24 days, covered a distance of about 21,000 km, but became about 14 days, and covered just 12,000 km thanks to the Canal Suez.Facilitating navigation traffic The Suez Canal, in addition to reducing travel distances around the world, helps to support about 8% of global navigation traffic, as almost fifty ships pass through it every day, so it is considered one of the most important waterways in the world, and the channel is also considered a major geographical penetration point; It represents the bottleneck, and this means that it is easy to close it and disrupt the flow of trade there, so it is a strategic area.