Ethiopia

Ethiopia / a landlocked country located in the Horn of Africa, and its capital is Addis Ababa. It is the second most populous country in Africa after Nigeria and the tenth by area. It is bordered on the east by Djibouti and Somalia, on the north by the state of Eritrea, on the northwest by Sudan, on the west by South Sudan and southwest by Kenya

The largest part of Ethiopia lies on the Horn of Africa, which is the eastern part of the African mainland. On the borders with Ethiopia are Sudan and South Sudan to the west, Djibouti and Eritrea to the north, Somalia to the east, and Kenya to the south. Within Ethiopia is a vast highland complex of mountains and dissected plateaus divided by the Great Rift Valley, which usually extends northeast to southwest and is surrounded by lowlands, steppes, or semi-desert. The great diversity in terrain determines wide variations in climate, soil, natural vegetation, and settlement patterns

Ethiopia is an ecologically diverse country, ranging from deserts along the eastern border to tropical forests in the south to vast in the northern and southwestern parts. Lake Tana in the north is the source of the Blue Nile. It also has a large number of endemic species, especially the baboon, the ibex and the Ethiopian wolf (or simon fox). Given the wide range of altitudes of the country and a variety of ecologically distinct areas, this has helped encourage the evolution of endemic species in ecological isolation

Ethiopia has 31 endemic species of mammals. The African wild dog was widely distributed in the region. It is believed to be potentially eradicated within Ethiopia. The Ethiopian wolf is perhaps the most researched of all the endangered species within Ethiopia

Ethiopia is a global center of bird diversity. To date, more than 856 bird species have been recorded in Ethiopia, 20 of which are endemic to the country. Endangered. Sixteen or endangered species. A large number of these birds feed on butterflies

Historically, across the African continent, wildlife populations are rapidly declining due to logging, civil wars, pollution, poaching and other human interference. A long 17-year-old civil war, coupled with severe drought, negatively affected environmental conditions in Ethiopia resulting in greater habitat degradation. Habitat destruction is one of the factors that put it at risk. When changes to habitats happen quickly, animals do not have time to adapt. Human impact threatens many species, with greater than expected threats from climate change caused by greenhouse gas emissions. With carbon dioxide emissions in 2010 of 6,494,000 tons, Ethiopia contributes only 0.02% to the annual release of human-induced greenhouse gases

Ethiopia has a large number of species listed as endangered, endangered and endangered in the world. The threatened species in Ethiopia can be divided into three categories. Endangered, vulnerable

Deforestation is a major concern for Ethiopia as studies indicate loss of forests contributes to soil erosion, loss of nutrients in the soil, loss of animal habitats and a reduction in biodiversity. At the beginning of the 20th century, about 420 000 km² or 35% of the land in Ethiopia was covered by trees, but recent research indicates that the forest cover is now approximately 11.9% of the area. Ethiopia is one of the seven primary and independent centers of cultivated plant origin in the world

Ethiopia loses an estimated 410 km² 1 of natural forests every year. Between 1990 and 2005 the country lost nearly 21,000 km².

Current government programs to control deforestation consist of education, strengthening reforestation programs and providing alternative raw materials for timber. In rural areas, the government also provides non-timber fuel sources and access to non-forest land to promote agriculture without destroying forest habitats

Organizations like SOS and Farm Africa are working with federal and local governments to create a forest management system. Working with a grant of about € 2,300,000, the Ethiopian government recently started training people in erosion reduction and the use of proper irrigation techniques that do not contribute to deforestation. This project will help more than 80 communities

Ethiopia was considered one of the fastest growing non-oil producing countries in Africa in 2007 and 2008. Despite this growth, the GDP is considered one of the lowest in the world, and the economy of Ethiopia is facing structural problems. Efforts to reform began in 1991, but it is still modest. The capacity for agricultural production remains modest and is vulnerable to droughts from time to time. The effectiveness of the exerted effort began to emerge, especially with an economic growth rate of 10% between 2003-2008, but even with this percentage, poverty remains a basic problem facing the country

But in 2016, Ethiopia achieved an economic growth of 8.1 percent. How much can the government reduce the number of people living below the poverty line by 50 percent, while there are still 22 percent living below the poverty line. Ethiopia launched a structural reform plan with the aim of transforming into an industrial country, an economic transformation strategy focusing on industries and reducing dependence on agriculture. The industrial sector achieved a growth rate of 18.5 percent, representing 12 percent of the GDP, and established a number of industrial zones and complexes with thousands of operating factories. 10 manufacturing sectors in Ethiopia include automobile, textile, pharmaceutical, and heavy equipment. Ethiopia is referred to as the water tower in East Africa because many rivers originate from its highlands, and it also has the largest water reserves in Africa