Uzbekistan

Uzbekistan is the most populous country in Central Asia and the fifth largest country in Central Asia by area. Uzbekistan is a landlocked or landlocked state, its capital is Tashkent, and its most important cities are Samarkand and Bukhari, and it is one of the Islamic republics of a federal nature within the former Soviet republics. The Republic of Uzbekistan includes the Republic of Karakal Pak

Tashkent is an Asian city located in the northeastern corner of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and has been its administrative capital since 1930 AD, and the largest city between its cities, and the cities of Central Asia; As it was inhabited by 2,829,300 people, according to 2017 statistics. In addition, the city of Tashkent represents the cultural and economic center of Central Asia. It is a thriving, developing city with many industries, strong economic projects, and pioneering educational institutes

Tashkent has its roots in ancient history. It is one of the oldest cities in Central Asia; It was first mentioned during the first century BC, and it had the presence of Arabs in it during the seventh century AD, then it became an important trading center on the ancient caravan route between Samarkand and Beijing, and in the thirteenth century, the city came under the control of Genghis Khan, but in the following century It became a subordinate of the Timurid Empire, and it remained so until it was ruled by the Khanate of Kokand, then the Russian forces in 1865 AD. In 1930 AD, Tashkent became the capital of the Soviet Socialist Republic of Uzbekistan, and then the capital of the country after it gained independence

The city of Tashkent includes many sights and wonderful places, the most important of which are mentioned below

 History Museum: It is one of the most important museums in the country. As it contains within it many traditional crafts, and historical artifacts that express the history of Turkestan from 5000 years ago, and up to the present time

The State Museum of Fine Arts: It is a wonderful art museum that contains inside it ancient artworks, including historical Greek and Buddhist pieces

Corso Bazaar: It is a lively and active market that is most famous for farmers there, noting that it is located in the old part of the city, and includes many shops and commercial stalls

 Earthquake Memorial: It is a stone monument expressing the earthquake of 1966 AD. Al-Soghra Mosque: It is a wonderful religious landmark distinguished by its impressive architecture in the Islamic style, and it is also known as the White Mosque. Relative to the color of the marble in it

Uzbekistan is an agricultural country that produces wheat, rice and maize and produces five million tons of raw cotton. It also produces jute. Besides this, it produces a pastoral wealth estimated at ten million sheep and cattle, thus producing more than half of the Soviet Union of cotton. And more than three quarters of its jute. A third of silk and more than a third of astracan fur

Uzbekistan, along with the rest of the Central Asian republics: Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and Tajikistan, is an economic region in which both natural factors and development factors are similar in their general framework. Nevertheless, Uzbekistan is located in its driest and hottest parts, as it contains vast areas of deserts

Irrigated agriculture is active in Uzbekistan. Cotton is its main crop. It supplied more than 65% of the cotton produced in the Soviet Union. Cotton cultivation is mostly concentrated in oasis regions. The average annual cotton production in 1988 was more than 6245,000 tons. Rice is cultivated in various varieties, as well as sugar beet, grapes, pomegranates and many fruit trees, as well as vegetables and watermelons of both red and yellow types, especially in the valleys and the foothills of the mountains, and around cities. He grows tobacco, yellow corn, figs, pears, peaches, peaches and apricots, as well as onions and cabbage

Grains such as wheat and barley are grown in high humidity areas. The expansion of cotton cultivation necessitated the implementation of huge irrigation projects. It split a canal - Amoudaria, which is 1,100 km in length, which leads to the desert. It also established irrigation canals over 500 km long in the desert areas called the Hunger Steppe. The length of the canals in all of Uzbekistan is more than 150,000 km. There was a blueprint for a water project that would bring water from Siberia. In canals of several thousand kilometers long, linking the Ob River in the Siberian north, the Seradaria and Ammodary rivers, with a capacity of 25 billion m3

Uzbekistan is famous for raising livestock, especially sheep, goats, horses and camels. Modern methods of breeding them are followed to give large quantities of meat, milk, leather and wool from which Uzbekistan is famous for its types of rugs, carpets and woolen blankets. The desert Qara Qul region is famous for making head hats (glabs) and coats (fur) from the skins of young lambs with durable curly wool (astrakhan), which are required in commercial markets at high prices

The livestock in Uzbekistan consists mainly of animal species and varieties that have adapted to the harsh desert climatic conditions while being satisfied with small quantities of poor plants. The quantities of all animal products are constantly increasing, as are the quantity and quality of livestock. In Uzbekistan, a large number of horses and camels (especially the two-humped Bukhtiria) are bred, which are still used for transportation in desert areas. Uzbekistan is one of the countries famous for the production of natural silk thanks to the breeding of silkworms on mulberry trees that are grown specifically for this purpose

Food manufacturing industries such as canning industries, oils and spirits extracted from grapes, which are mostly exported abroad, are active in the republic, in addition to drying fruits, such as apricots and figs, and Uzbekistan is the first country in Central Asia to produce cotton clothing. It includes ginning, spinning and weaving machinery. There are dairy factories in Fergana, and a rubber industrial complex in Angryn. As for the silk yarn industrial complex, it is located in Namangan. In Uzbekistan, chemical fertilizers are produced, especially in the Malik region, and paper is produced in Bukhara

There are more than 15 branches of metallurgical industries, including the manufacture of agricultural machinery such as tractors and harvesters, as well as electronic industries, air industries, corrugated and corrugated building iron, and glass manufacturing. Uzbekistan occupies a prominent position in the natural gas extraction industry from the regions: Bukhara, Kashkadarin, Ortabulak and Gazli. Its reserves are estimated at 70.6 billion m3. Large quantities of this extracted gas reach the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Belarus, the Baltic countries, and the Central Asian republics and others. The length of the gas pipelines is about 8000 km from the Bukhara-Ural pipeline, and lines in Central Asia

Gas is used in electric power plants, and in daily life, and is a raw material in the chemical industries, foremost among which is the textile yarn industry. Uzbekistan's production of electrical energy from thermal and hydropower plants is estimated at 45 billion kilowatt hours per year. Three-quarters of the amount of electricity produced is used in industry, and the rest is used in agricultural production. The fuel industry is well developed thanks to large reserves of gas and coal, and oil manufactured and imported from Turkmenistan

The coal near the surface of the earth is extracted in large quantities from the Angreen mines, and an underground station to convert coal to gas is also established in Angren, and coal is extracted in the Sarkhandaren area. And lead and zinc in the Malik region, where lamination complexes were established in the "Bekabad" factory near the extraction areas, and there are tractor factories in Tashkent, and paper-making complexes in the regions: Andijan and Nukus, the capital of the Karakilak Autonomous Republic. Its average production (Uzbekistan) of vegetable oils ranged between 480 and 485 tons. Of canned vegetables and fruits, between 1 and 1.1 billion packages of various sizes. It is also active in Uzbekistan manufacturing knitting machines of all kinds

The value of Uzbekistan's exports in 1998 amounted to about 4384 million US dollars, and it includes various commodities, the most important of which are cotton, energy sources, minerals, machinery, food and chemical materials, and others. As for its imports, it amounted to 4,527 million dollars, including goods, machinery, equipment, food and chemical materials. It trades with the republics of Central Asia, Russia, Korea, Germany, Britain and the United States of America. Its economy suffers from inflation of 30% in 1998, and external debt estimated at $ 2,761 million