The Republic of Kiribati

The Republic of Kiribati

Kiribati / is an archipelago located in the tropical Central Pacific. The permanent population exceeds 100,000 and consists of 32 atolls and high coral islands scattered over more than 3.5 million square kilometers on both sides of the equator, located on the international history line in its easternmost

Kiribati was divided into provinces until its independence. The country is currently divided into three groups of islands that have no administrative function, including the group that combines the Line and Phoenix Islands (and visited in London on Christmas Island). Each inhabited island has its own council (three councils in Tarawa: Beteo, Southern Tarawa, and North Tarawa; two houses in Tabtuya). The original areas were used

As one of the world's most vulnerable countries to climate change impacts, Kiribati is actively participating in international diplomatic efforts on climate change, the most important of which are the framework conferences on parties to climate change. Kiribati is a member of the Alliance of Small Island States, which is an inter-governmental organization of low-cost countries and small island states. Established in 1990, the main purpose of this alliance is to strengthen the voices of small island developing states to address global warming. The alliance has been very active since its inception, and put forward the first draft text of the Kyoto Protocol negotiations in 1994

In 2009, President Tong attended the Maldives' vulnerable climate sensitivity forum along with 10 other climate-prone countries, and signed the Bandos Declaration on November 10, 2009, pledging to demonstrate ethical leadership and turn their economies into green economies to achieve carbon neutrality. In November 2010, Kiribati hosted the Climate Change Conference in Tarawa, whose purpose was to support the initiative of the President of Kiribati to hold a forum for consultations between weak states and their partners aimed at creating an enabling environment for multilateral negotiations to sponsor the agreement. The conference was a successor event to the Climate Sensitivity Forum

The ultimate goal of the conference was to reduce the number and intensity of fault lines between the various parties in the climate change COP process, and to explore elements of agreement between them and thus support the Kiribati and other parties' initiative for the 16th conference in Cancun, Mexico between November 29 - December 10, 2010.

In 2012, the government began negotiating with Fiji to purchase land from the latter, as it could move some of its residents over it as a result of rising sea levels

Kiribati consists of about 32 atolls and a single island, Banaba, that stretches over the eastern and western hemispheres. The groups of islands are:

Banaba: an isolated island between Nauru and the Gilbert Islands

Gilbert Islands: 16 atolls located about 1500 km north of Fiji.

Phoenix Islands: 8 atolls located 1,800 km southeast of the Gilbert Islands.

Line Islands: 8 coral reefs located approximately 3300 km east of the Gilbert Islands.

Banaba (or Ocean Island) is an atoll that was a rich source of phosphate, but most of it was extracted before independence. The remainder of the land in Kiribati consists of sand, atolls, atolls or atolls that are a few meters above sea level. Also, the soil is thin and calcareous, which makes farming very difficult

Keretimas on the atoll islands are the largest in the world. According to the re-establishment of the International Date Line in 1995, Kiribati is located in the eastern part of the world and the Islands of the Line are the first region to enter the new year including 2000. For this reason, Caroline Island has been renamed the Millennium Island. Most of the islands of Kiribati, including the capital, are not the first to enter the new year, for example New Zealand (+13 UTC in January) enters the new year before

According to the Pacific Regional Environment Program (formerly the Regional Pacific Environment Program), two uninhabited small islands in Kiribati, Tabua Tarawa and Abanoia, disappeared under water in 1999. The United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change predicts that the sea level will rise by half a meter by The year 2100 due to global warming. Thus it is likely that within a century, the arable land in the country will become vulnerable to increased soil salinity and will be largely inundated

However, the rise in sea level does not necessarily mean that Kiribati sank. Paul Kensch of the University of Auckland in New Zealand and Arthur Webb of the Applied Geoscience Commission of the South Pacific in Fiji in 2010 released a study on a dynamic response from atolls to sea level rise in the central Pacific. The Kiribati study stated, with Kinche and Webb finding that the three main islands of Kiribati Pitiu, Bayreki and Nanikai had grown by 30% (36 hectares), 16.3% (5.8 hectares) and 12.5% ​​(0.8 hectares) respectively

The Kiribati Adaptation Program is a US $ 5.5 million initiative that was originally issued by the National Government in Kiribati with support from the Global Environment Facility, the World Bank, the United Nations Development Program and the Japanese government. Australia later joined the alliance and donated $ 1.5 million in this effort. The six-year program aims to support measures that reduce vulnerability in the Kiribati Islands to climate change and sea level rise by raising awareness of climate change and assessing and protecting available water resources and managing floods

At the start of the adaptation program, representatives of each of the inhabited islands identified the major climate changes that have occurred over the past 20-40 years, and they proposed adaptive mechanisms to deal with these changes within 4 categories of necessity. The program now focuses on the country's most vulnerable sectors in the densely populated areas. Initiatives include improving water supply management in and around Tarawa, protecting coastal management standards such as replanting and protecting the public mangrove forest infrastructure, strengthening laws to reduce coastal erosion, and settling population planning to reduce personal risks

Kiribati is the only country in the four quarters of the globe.

Kiribati is one of the poorest countries in the world as it possesses few natural resources. Phosphate deposits have been depleted commercially in Banaba at the time of independence. Now cobra and fish represent the largest part of production and exports. Kiribati is considered one of the least developed countries in the world in one way or another Kiribati gets part A large part of its income from abroad is from development aid, workers ’remittances and tourism, due to Kiribati’s limited domestic production and it imports almost all basic foodstuffs

The most prominent countries that contributed to improving the economy of Kiribati in 2010-2011 are Australia ($ 15 million), Taiwan ($ 11 million), New Zealand ($ 6 million), the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank ($ 4 million).

In 1956 Kiribati established a National Wealth Fund to store the country's wealth from phosphate extraction. In 2008, the cash reserve was estimated at $ 400 million

Reserves Revenue Equation Fund revenue decreased in 2007 from 637 million US dollars to 570.5 million US dollars in 2009. As a result of the global financial crisis, withdrawals were made well by the Kiribati government to finance the budget deficit

In May 2011 the International Monetary Fund's report to assess the economy of Kiribati reads as follows: “After two years of deflation, the economy recovered in the second half of 2010 and inflationary pressures dissipated. Estimates indicate a growth of عن 1 for the year. Despite a weather related decline in Production of dried coconut pulp, apparently private sector activity has started to pick up, especially in retail trade, tourism has recovered by 20 percent compared to 2009

Despite the rise in global food prices and fuel, the level of inflation resulting from the 2008 crisis declined, reflecting the strong appreciation of the Australian dollar, which is used as the local currency, and a decrease in world rice prices. Macroeconomic credit growth slowed in 2009 as economic activities stopped. And it began to rise again in the second half of 2010