Chad

Chad

Chad / is a landlocked country in central Africa. It is bordered by Libya to the north, Sudan to the east, the Central African Republic to the south, Cameroon and Nigeria to the southwest, and Niger to the west. It is the fifth largest country in Africa by area

Chad is divided into several regions: a desert region in the north, the arid Sahel belt in the center, and Sudan's most fertile savannah region in the south. Lake Chad, which is called the country, is the largest wetland in Chad and the second largest wetland in Africa. The capital, N'Djamena, is the largest city in Chad

The Republic of Chad is located in the center of the African continent and it is bordered to the east by Sudan, to the north by Libya, to the west by Niger, Cameroon and Nigeria, and to the south by the Central African Republic. Chad is an internal country that does not overlook a sea or an external ocean. Chad penetrates two rivers, Lugon and Shari, that meet in the capital, N'Djamena, and flow into Lake Chad, northwest of the capital, N'Djamena

Most of the country consists of dry desert land and rocky plateaus. The Tibetan mountain range in northwestern Chad has the highest peak in the country, the summit of Mount Emi Kossi. The height of the mountain is 3,415 meters above sea level. A large area of ​​savanna in the middle of Chad, the vast desert in the north, which forms part of the Sahara Desert, is isolated from a very fertile small area in the south

The surface of the Chadian land is a reflection of the tectonic structural units that make up the central part of Africa, which consists of a huge internal basin occupying the Chadian Sanklani concave, and parts of the ancient pillars of the African plate surrounding the basin from the north, east and south sides, in addition to the pillars of Niger located in the west outside the borders of the Republic Chad

Accordingly, rocks from the pre-Cambrian era are spread in Chad, in addition to impulsive rocks and sedimentary rocks from the second geological eras in the north and east of the country. As for the most widespread rocks, they belong to the fourth geological period, and most of them are from the sandy sands of the internal and western Chadian lands, the Shari River Basin and Lake Chad

Chad is dependent on agricultural and animal production for its economy in addition to customs and oil income. The illiteracy rate among adults (15 years and over) is 54.2% of the population, and the population of Chad is 8.3 million in 2002, and the population in 2015 is expected to reach 12.1 million

73% of the population does not have access to safe drinking water, and about 71% of the population lacks a safe sanitation facility, and the gross domestic product in 2002 amounted to two billion dollars, per capita amount of 240 dollars, and the average rate of growth of GDP During the period 1990-2002, it is minus 0.5%

Therefore, the poverty rate among the population reaches 64%, who live below the poverty line for less than two dollars a day, but there are some estimates that indicate an improvement in gross domestic product after the start of implementing the oil transport pipeline and starting to export it; The growth rate of GDP in 2004 was estimated at 31%, compared to 9.7% in 2003

The official international assistance to Chad represents about 11.6% of its gross domestic product, according to estimates by the year 2002, equivalent to about $ 233 million annually. According to estimates of the Global Human Development Index, Chad ranks lower among the 177 countries included in the index. It ranked 167th

In addition to Chad's economic problems, the issue of the Sudanese refugees, who number about 200,000, is adding to the economic burden in Chad. This caused her to seek assistance from international institutions to face the cost of living of these refugees, especially as their camps suffer from a state of turmoil among them that calls for a continuous security presence

Chad is one of the countries of central Africa and is considered the link between the countries located in North Africa, Asia and the countries of the South and West Africa, as it was one of the most important Islamic regions in Africa, as its strategic location between the Arab and African countries has made it a meeting place for many Islamic and African civilizations in general

Islam entered Chad in the north through the Tabu merchants and the east through the merchants of the valleys and the people of Sudan during the thirteenth century AD and the preachers have made it a starting point for many convoys spreading the Islamic call. The proportion of Muslims today in Chad is 55% and Christians 40% of the total population It is about 9,758,000 people, and the rest are from local and pagan beliefs

Cultural life in Chad is characterized by a diversity of folklore, as a result of the diversity of the population, the large number of ethnic groups and their cultural heritage in the arts and literature (narrations), dance, singing and painting, urbanism, customs, traditions and pagan rituals. The state has encouraged cultural activities and supported its institutions, as well as the National Museum of Prehistoric and traditional weapons and stone tools and others, and interested in promoting cultural tourism to cultural sites in the country, such as places of rock art and others

The Chadian Cultural Center is working to revive local and national traditions, but all this is linked to the availability of moral and material capabilities, and is affected by the country's suffering from wars, conflicts and famines, as the interests of the state and the population are firstly devoted to working to survive and improve the living and service conditions of the population