Mauritania

Mauritania

Mauritania / is an Arab and African country, located in northwestern Africa and on the shore of the Atlantic Ocean, bordered by Morocco and Algeria to the north, from Senegal to the south, and from the east and south of Mali, and as a point of contact between North and South Africa, the vast desert of Mauritania has gathered for thousands of years, between races And different cultures, including Arab, Berber and African

The terrain in Mauritania consists mainly of mountain ranges, rocky basins, and sandy plains that extend over vast areas. There are also some rocky peaks that the local people call “kalba” (enough held like the Egyptian Jem), which are medium-high mountains, the highest of which is high, as is the height of the gel, 950 meters in the state of Tieres Zemmour and a highlander heal in Takant Province and a mountain range for a gang. The terrain can be divided into several sections

The Mauritanian mountain range, which is a mountain range in the middle of the country, starts from the south of Inchiri State, extending southwards to the financial borders.

The Dakhribat mountain range: covering the entire Mauritanian north and parts of Adrar

Rocky basins: They are semi-rocky basins that cover parts of the Asaba region and the entire basin area in the southeast.

The Toudeni Basin: It is a deep sediment to the east known geologically as (Taoudeni Basin) moving on its surface sandy veins known as the Grand Mudabat

Shamama Region: It is the fertile region or northern bank adjacent to the Senegal River, which forms the natural border with Senegal

Mauritania is located in the area north of the equator, where scarce rainfall and the temperature rises, the overall climate desert is hot and dry in most months of the year, as the temperature in the summer of sometimes between 27 and 42 degrees Celsius, especially in remote sea areas, except for certain periods where The Canary Current from the northwest works to reduce temperatures in the evening and at night, especially in the areas bordering the Atlantic Ocean, where it drops to less than 20 degrees per day, such as the coastal city of Nouadhibou

As for the southern and southeastern regions, they have a hot tropical rainy climate in the summer (300-400 mm) warm dry in winter, with temperatures ranging between 12 and 28 degrees Celsius, or in the northern regions that include the states of Inchiri, Adrar and Tires and the northern parts of Tekent and the eastern basin, the atmosphere Desert and dry par excellence, as the temperature is high in summer and low in winter, in addition to many sandstorms and little rain

Mauritania belongs according to the economic classification adopted by the United Nations to the group of countries that are on the path of growth and belong to what is known as the "Third World"

With regard to the Mauritanian economy, in addition to the unfavorable natural environment, whether related to surface or climate manifestations, this economy suffers from structural structural imbalances that hinder its growth at the present time, some of which lie in the weakness of agricultural activities, both agricultural and pastoral, in addition to the absence of a tight economic policy with regard to the related part With minerals

Fishing is considered one of the most important pillars of this economy:

Mauritania is considered one of the important countries in the field of marine fishing, because it has natural features that made it among the fish producing countries, as it has a beach extending to the Atlantic Ocean with a length of about 750 km and converges in its territorial waters warm and hot marine currents, which prepared for its water to be a shelter for many It is fish and aquatic species that migrate in most seasons of the year from other areas of life and reproduce in their unique waters

The reason for this convergence of currents is the presence of a wide continental shelf up to (80) miles sometimes creating the availability of large quantities of high-quality fish throughout the seasons of the year, in addition to the presence of a marine environment on the ocean floor suitable for food and reproduction of fish, however the interest of the Mauritanian authorities The marine fishing sector is very modern, as the sector remained randomly managed without planning until the authorities adopted a new fishing policy aimed at integrating the sector into the national economy of the country, setting up marine fishing companies and establishing land factories for freezing and storing fish

Laws and legislations have been enacted to regulate the exploitation of this large national wealth, and the private sector was encouraged to acquire vessels for big fishing, as a result of which the value of the country's fish exports increased from one billion ounces of the year 1978 to 30 billion ounces in 1986, by 70% of The total value of exports, and since then the fishing sector has become one of the most important sectors involved in the development of the country and its access to hard currencies

Despite the limited manufacturing capabilities of Mauritania and the wealth faced by its wealth from foreign fleets, millions of tons are exported annually to all parts of the world. In addition to China and Japan, the European Union is the main importer of Mauritanian fish by 7340 tons per year

The agricultural activity is still the most important economic activities that accommodate a wide segment of the local population, as the proportion of workers in the sector exceeds 53% of the workforce, according to what is available from the statistics. The field is like growing rice in the bank of the Senegal River as well as vegetables and fruit trees. This sector was the most affected by the economic conditions of the drought that swept the country in the seventies, which contributed to its decline, in addition to the difficult climate conditions that are harsh for this activity