Brunei

Brunei



Brunei / or the Land of Peace, is a country located on the northern coast of Borneo Island in Southeast Asia. Brunei is divided into two regions separated by the city of Lembang in the Malaysian state of Sarawak that completely surrounds Brunei except for the northern coast of Brunei overlooking the South China Sea



Brunei dates back to the seventh century AD, when it was a country of the Kingdom of Srivijaya under the name 'Boni'. It later became a vassal state of the Majapahit Empire before embracing Islam in the 15th century. During the height of its empire's extension, the sultanate extended its control to coastal areas in what is nowadays known as Sarawak, Sabah, Solo Archipelago and islands off the northwestern tip of Borneo Island. Ferdinand Magellan visited this maritime country in 1521 and fought Spain in the Castile War in 1578




The empire began to retreat after being forced to relinquish Sarawak to James Brook and relinquish Sabah to the British registered North Borneo Company. After the loss of Lembang, Brunei became a British protectorate in 1888, and then a British governor established it in 1906. After the end of the Japanese occupation of the country, Brunei declared a new constitution and fought an armed revolution, then regained its independence from the United Kingdom on January 1, 1984. The economic growth during the seventies The 1990s, which averaged 56% between 1999 and 2008, transformed the country into a modern industrial country



The country's rich economy is a mixture of foreign and domestic projects, government regulation, welfare measures and village traditions. Crude oil and natural gas production account for nearly half of GDP. There is also a large income from foreign investment that complements the income of domestic production. The government provides all medical services, rice subsidies, and housing

Brunei leaders are concerned about the increasing integration into the global economy, which will undermine internal social cohesion even though the country became a more prominent player through the position of President of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) Forum in 2000. Future plans include developing workforce, reducing unemployment, and promoting The banking and tourism sectors in general broaden the economic base of the country

The power of the Sultanate of Brunei reached a climax between the fourteenth and sixteenth centuries, and it is believed that the Sultanate's influence extended to the coastal areas where these days are known as Sarawak, Sabah, the Sulu Archipelago, and the islands adjacent to the southwestern tip of the island of Borneo

There is disagreement about the period when Islam first entered Brunei, but a number of monuments indicate that Islam has been practiced on the island since the twelfth century CE. Among the relics are tombstones found in various Islamic cemeteries in Brunei, especially the tombstone that was found in the Rangas Cemetery of a Chinese Muslim named Bu King Shu Minh, where he was buried there in 1264, and this was a hundred years before Aung Alk Petar embraced Islam, which later became The Muslim Sultan Muhammad Shah, the first Sultan of Brunei

"Bo" is a Chinese family name, and according to Chinese historians, it identifies its bearer as a Muslim. According to the tombstone, Pu King Shu Minh came from the Chinese city of Kwangju. During the rule of the Sinj dynasty, Arab and Persian merchants traveled to Canton (Kwangju) in the province of Kunjting, and to Xuan Shu in Fujian Province. But the tomb of Pu but Shu Minh is not the only grave of a Chinese Muslim in the Ranjas Cemetery, there is a tomb adjacent to another Chinese Muslim named Li Xiaozuo from the city of Yinqin (Fukian) who died in 1876 and 'Link Shen' is another city that Arab traders have been traveling to constantly

According to the Chinese records mentioned in the book "Notes on the Malay Archipelago and Queen Compiled from Chinese Sources" written by William Peter Grunfelt in 1880, a Chinese Muslim merchant and diplomat, his name Pu Luzhi, who is similar to the name (Abu Laith), arrived in Brunei in the tenth century ad. At that time, the king of Brunei Heiang Ta (Bongto) received the Chinese diplomat-merchant with a great official celebration, which is evidence that Islam entered Brunei in 977. Someone might say that the Chinese-merchant diplomat brought with him nothing but some gifts and greetings from the Emperor of China, But it is interesting that the King of Brunei sent a delegation to China to return the emperor with a salutation, and this delegation was headed by a Muslim named Bu Ali (Abu Ali)

Based on this information, Abu Ali held an important position in the Brunei government since he was Brunei's ambassador to China. Although the king was not a Muslim at the time, several members of his royal court were Muslims. A number of European historians have claimed that Brunei did not become a Muslim country until the fifteenth century, except that a Chinese reference (Meng Shih, Book 325) stated that the King of Brunei in 1370 was Mahomosa, and some say that this name should be read as Mahmoud Shah

But local Brunei historians say the real name is Muhammed Shah, the first Muslim Sultan of Brunei, where Arab, Persian and Sindhi merchants visited Brunei during his reign. However, Robert Nicole, who was the director of the Brunei Museum, argued in a research paper titled 'Notes on Some Controversial Issues in Brunei's History' that the name Mahumosa might pronounced the moxa quantum which means 'great immortality', which makes it a Buddhist name. Nicole also argues that the Sultan of Brunei who died in Nanjing in 1408 was not a Muslim

However, Brunei historians say that the Sultan of Brunei II was a Muslim named Abdul Majeed Hassan. According to historians of Brunei, Sultan Muhammad Shah converted to Islam in 1376 and ruled until the year 1402. After that, Sultan Abdul Majid Hassan ascended the throne, and during his reign visited the Chinese Muslim naval explorer Jeng He Brunei several times

There are probably two waves of Islamic teachings that came to Brunei, the first being provided by merchants from Arabia, Persia, India and China. As for the second wave, it occurred after Sultan Muhammad Shah converted to Islam, and with the second wave, Islam spread in Brunei at an accelerated pace. Sharif Ali, whose lineage is attributed to the Messenger Muhammad through his descendants Hassan and Hussein Ma, led the spread of Islam in Brunei, where Sharif Ali arrived in Brunei from Taif, and it was only a short time before he married the daughter of Sultan Ahmed

The sheriff built a mosque in Brunei, and established a relationship between him and a number of preachers of Islam in the region, such as Malik Ibrahim who went to Java, the sheriff Zayn al-Abidin in his possession, the sheriff Abu Bakr in Solo and the sheriff Kiping Swan in Mindanao. Sharif Ali became the Sultan of Brunei after he assumed power from his wife's father, and he became known as the 'Sultan of the Blessing' for the piety and righteousness he knew about. Sultan Ali was engaged to the people during Friday prayers, and therefore he was not only a sultan, but also an imam who taught the people of Brunei Islam

According to Thomas Stamford Raffles in his book "History of Java", the Islamic activities of Sultan Ali were not only restricted to Brunei, but also extended to Java where he called for Islam, and he was known there as "Raja Sharman", as he called Prabhu Anka and Jaya the king of the empire of the fronts of Islam. The efforts of the Sultanate of Brunei to advocate Islam spread Islam outside Borneo until it reached the southern Philippine islands. When Malaga fell to the Portuguese in 1511, Brunei played a major role in spreading Islam in the region

Islam was established in Brunei in the sixteenth century, and Brunei built its largest mosque in 1578, when the Spanish traveler Alenco Beltran visited it, describing it as a five-storey building built on water. It is likely that the five floors symbolized the five pillars of Islam. In June of the same year, Spain destroyed the mosque. European influence led to the elimination of Brunei as a regional power, as Brunei fought a brief war with Spain, during which the Spanish occupied the capital of Brunei, but the war ended with the victory of Brunei despite the loss of a number of its territories. The Sultanate of Brunei reached its peak of weakness in the nineteenth century

When Brunei lost most of its territory to the White Kings rulers of Sarawak, which is why Brunei is currently small in size and divided into two separate regions. Brunei became a British protectorate from 1888 to 1984, and was occupied by Japan between 1941 and 1945 during World War II. There was a small revolution against the monarchy in 1960, but it was suppressed with the help of the United Kingdom, and this event was known as the Brunei Revolution. The revolution was one of the reasons for the failure of the federation of North Borneo, as it partially influenced Brunei's decision to withdraw from the Malaysian Federation

Islam is the official religion of the Sultanate of Brunei by 78% and the Sultan is the head of religion in the country. Other religions include Buddhism (7% mainly by the Chinese) and Christianity (8%). Free thinkers make up 7% and are mostly Chinese, although most of them practice some forms of religion with elements of Taoist Confucian Buddhism but they prefer to present themselves as having no formal religion, and are therefore considered atheists in official censuses. Native religions make up about 2 percent of the population




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  1. The Sultanate of Brunei, or Dar es Salaam, is considered the richest country in the Islamic world. It is located on the northern coast of Borneo Island in Southeast Asia.

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