Mozambique

Mozambique





Mozambique / is a country located in southeastern Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest, and Zimbabwe to the west, Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest, and Comoros to the northeast of its coast and Madagascar are met by the Mozambican Channel





The country's economy is based largely on agriculture. And the industry especially food and beverage, chemical industries, aluminum and petroleum production is increasing. The country's tourism sector is also growing. South Africa is Mozambique's main trading partner and source of foreign direct investment. Portugal, Brazil, Spain and Belgium are also among the country's most important economic partners





The only official language in Mozambique is Portuguese, which is spoken as a second language, about half of the population. Common indigenous languages ​​include Swahili, Makhoa, and Sinai. The country's population of approximately 24 million is overwhelmingly Bantu. The largest religion in Mozambique is Christianity, with large minorities who follow traditional African religions and Islam. Mozambique is a member of the African Union, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Community of Portuguese Language Countries, the Latin Union, the Organization of Islamic Cooperation, the Southern African Development Community and the Francophonie

Among the most important agricultural products in Mozambique are cotton, American cashew nuts, sugar cane, tea, cassava, corn, coconut, ropes, citrus fruits, tropical fruits, potatoes, and sunflower. Among its most important animal products: beef and poultry

Mozambique is located in the southeast of the African continent, bordering the Indian Ocean with a coast of more than two thousand kilometers, and this represents its eastern borders, and its northern borders with Tanzania, and in the west its borders are shared with Zambia, Malawi and Zimbabwe, and in the south Swaziland and the Republic of the Union of South Africa, and Mozambique is a coastal exit For many inland South Africa such as Malawi, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Botswana as well as a way out for Transvaal State in the Republic of the Union of South Africa

The area of ​​Mozambique (801,590 km) and its population in 1408 AH -1988 m (14,851,000) people, and the capital of the country is the city of Maputo and its most important port, Beira, and the country is divided into 10 states

The land of Mozambique takes a rectangular, unorganized shape, the longest coastal front rib in the east and overlooks the Indian Ocean with a length of more than two thousand kilometers, and begins with broad coastal plains that constitute one-fifth of its area and are infiltrated by many rivers that end up infected in the Indian Ocean, including the Zamberi River, the Limpopo River, and the Panjwi River , The Bozi River, and the Sabi River (Safi), and the Rufuma River forms the northern border between it and Tanzania, and the territory of Mozambique rises to the west

The climate of Mozambique is hot, humid, especially the coastal section, and its temperature increases by the passage of the Mozambique stream with its long coasts, and rains abound in the south, most of which falls in the southern summer, and the heat decreases on the interior highlands

Most of the population of Mozambique belongs to the black elements known as Bantu, (Central Bantu), among whom are the Yao, the Swahili in the coastal zone, the Shona, and Tsinga. There is a minority of Asian immigrants, and a minority of the whites, most of them are Portuguese, , Beira, Safala, and Maputo, the capital. It was called (Lorenzomakis), and the economic level of income is low, so many workers migrate from Mozambique to Zimbabwe and the Union of South Africa, where they work as workers in agriculture and mines, and they were motivated by many reasons to emigrate

Mozambique, when it gained independence in 1975, was one of the poorest countries in the world. Its situation was exacerbated by socialist mismanagement and the civil war that rocked the country from 1977 to 1992. In 1987, the government embarked on a series of comprehensive reforms aimed at achieving economic stability

These steps, along with donor assistance and political stability since the 1994 plural elections, have resulted in significant improvements in the rate of growth; Inflation fell to less than 10 percent in the late 1990s. Although it rose again, in 2000-2006. In 2007, inflation decreased to 8%, while GDP growth reached 7.5%

Financial reforms, which included the introduction of value-added tax and reform of customs service, have improved government revenue. However, the country still relies on foreign aid to balance its budgets and pay the trade imbalance, in which its imports outweigh its exports by a large percentage. Also, most of the population remains below the poverty line. The agricultural entity continues to employ the vast majority of the country's workforce. The country is still suffering from a severe trade imbalance, although the opening of the "Mozal" project for aluminum smelting, the largest foreign investment project in the country, has raised the value of export revenues

At the end of 2007, after years of negotiations with the Portuguese government, Mozambique regained the large share of Portugal's ownership of the Kahura Bassa Hydroelectric Dam Company, as Portugal refused to hand this dam to Mozambique after independence, due to the civil war that broke out and Mozambique not repaid its debt to Portugal

The country needs more energy for additional investment projects such as: titanium mining, garment processing and manufacture, which can cover the gap between the value of exports and imports. Mozambique was able to get rid of a large part of the external debt by forgiving it, or reschedule it through the International Monetary Fund initiative for the heavily indebted poor countries, so that its debts are now at a reasonable level

In July 2007 Mozambique signed an agreement with the Millennium Challenge Corporation, which entered into force in September 2008, for a period of five years. The agreement’s projects will focus on improving sanitation, roads, agriculture, and organizing the business environment, in an effort to stimulate economic growth in four northern governorates




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