Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina / is a country in southeastern Europe, located within the Balkans. Sarajevo is the capital and largest city. Bosnia and Herzegovina is an almost landlocked country. To the south it has a narrow coast on the Adriatic, about 20 km long and surrounds the town of Neum

Bosnia and Herzegovina ranks highly in terms of human development, has an economy dominated by the industrial and agricultural sectors, followed by the tourism and services sectors. The country has a system of social security, universal health care, and free primary and secondary education. It is a member of the United Nations, the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the Council of Europe, Partnership for Peace, the Central European Free Trade Agreement, and a founding member of the Union for the Mediterranean when it was created in July 2008. The country is applying for membership in the European Union, and was a candidate for membership NATO since April 2010, when it received the Membership Action Plan

Tourism in Bosnia and Herzegovina has grown at double-digit rates in recent years. Bosnia and Herzegovina is regionally and internationally recognized for its natural environment and cultural heritage inherited from six historical civilizations, its cuisine, winter sports, its unique and distinctive music, architecture, festivals, some of which are the largest and most notable of which are fine in Southeastern Europe. The country is home to three major ethnic groups or, formally, constituent peoples, as defined in the constitution. The Bosniaks are the largest of the three, with Serbs second and Croats third

A citizen of Bosnia and Herzegovina, regardless of race, is usually identified in English as Bosnian. Minorities, defined by the constitutional designation "Others", include Jews, Roma, Poles, Ukrainians and Turks. Bosnia and Herzegovina has a bicameral legislature and is chaired by three members consisting of one member in each major ethnic group. However, the authority of the central government is very limited, as the country is highly decentralized and comprises two independent entities: the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republika Srpska, with a third unit, Br مقاطعةko District, governed by local government. The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina consists of 10 cantons

Bosnia and Herzegovina returns to a permanent human settlement dating back to the Neolithic period, after which it was inhabited by many Illyrian and Celtic civilizations. Culturally, politically and socially, the country has a rich history, as the Slavic peoples that inhabit the region today settled from the sixth century to the ninth century

In the twelfth century, the Bosnian doctrine was established, which developed into the Kingdom of Bosnia in the fourteenth century, after which it was annexed to the Ottoman Empire, which remained under its rule from the middle of the fifteenth century to the late nineteenth century. The Ottomans brought Islam to the region, and changed much of the country's cultural and social outlook

This was followed by annexation to the Austro-Hungarian monarchy, which lasted until the First World War. In the interwar period, Bosnia and Herzegovina was part of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and after World War II, it was granted full republican status in the New Testament that formed the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. After the dissolution of Yugoslavia, the republic declared independence in 1992, which was followed by the Bosnian war, and lasted until late 1995

Bosnia is located in the western Balkans, on the border with Croatia (932 km or 579 miles) to the north and west, Serbia (302 km or 188 miles) to the east, and Montenegro (225 km or 140 miles) to the southeast. It has a coastline of about 20 kilometers (12 miles) surrounding the city of Neum. It is located between latitudes 42 ° and 46 ° N and longitude 15 ° and 20 ° E

The northern regions with a population of about four fifths occupy the country, while Herzegovina occupies the rest in the southern part of the country. The country is mostly mountains, including the central Dinaric Alps. The northeastern parts reach the Pannonian Plain, while in the south it borders the Adriatic. The Diamond Alps generally operate in a southeast and northwest direction, getting higher towards the south. The highest point in the country is the peak of Maglic, with a length of 3,886 meters (828,8 feet), on the borders of Montenegro. The main mountains include Kozara, Garmic, Vlasic,

, Bering, Romania, Jhorena, Galilasnica and Trescavica

Almost 50 per cent of Bosnia and Herzegovina is forest. Most of the forest areas are located in the center, east and west of Bosnia. Bosnia and Herzegovina has a drier Mediterranean climate, with the topography of the karst topography. Northern Bosnia (Posavina) contains very fertile agricultural land along the Sava River and the corresponding area is heavily cultivated. This agricultural land is part of the Pannonia Plain, which extends to neighboring Croatia and Serbia

The country has only 20 km of coast, around the town of Neum in the Canton of Herzegovina - Neretva. Although the city is surrounded by a Croatian peninsula, international law allows Bosnia and Herzegovina to pass to the outer sea. Sarajevo is the capital and largest city. The other main cities are Banja Luka in the northwestern region known as Busanska Krajina and Bijeljina and Tuzla in the northeast of Zenica and Duboy in central Bosnia and Mostar, the largest city in Herzegovina

There are seven major rivers in Bosnia and Herzegovina:

Sava is the largest river in the country, and it forms its northern natural border with Croatia. It drains 76% of the country’s lands to the Danube and then the Black Sea. Consequently, Bosnia and Herzegovina is also a member of the International Commission for the Protection of the Danube River. Una, Sana and Verbas are valid tributaries of the Sava River

It is located in the northwestern region of Busanska Krajina. The Bosna River gave its name to the country, and it is the longest river that contains completely inside it. It runs through central Bosnia, from its source near Sarajevo to Sava in the north. Drina flows through the eastern part of Bosnia, forming mostly natural borders with Serbia

Neretva River is the main river from Herzegovina and the only major river that flows south, in the Adriatic Sea. Vitojio Grafikali, Bosnia and Herzegovina belongs to the Northern Kingdom, and it is shared between the Illyrian district in the Circumbural region and the Adriatic province in the Mediterranean. According to the World Wide Fund for Nature, the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina can be divided into three environmental regions: mixed forests in Pannonia, mixed forests of mountain mountains and Ilyrian deciduous forests

During the Bosnian war, the economy suffered 200 billion euros of material damage. Bosnia and Herzegovina faces the dual problem of rebuilding a war-torn country and introducing reforms in the liberal liberal market to its previously mixed economy. One of the legacy of the previous era is strong industry. Under the leadership of former Republic President Jamal Begidic and President Joseph Broz Tito, the mineral industries in the Republic were upgraded, which led to the development of a large share of Yugoslavia factories; Bosnia and Herzegovina had a very strong economy oriented towards industrial export in the 1970s and 1980s, when the value of large exports Millions of US dollars

Throughout most of Bosnia's history, agriculture was carried out on privately owned farms. Fresh food is exported from the Republic. The war of the 1990s caused a fundamental change in the Bosnian economy. GDP decreased by 60% and the destruction of physical infrastructure destroyed the economy. With a lack of much production capacity, the Bosnian economy continues to face significant difficulties

Figures show that gross domestic product and per capita income increased by 10% from 2003 to 2004. This is the contraction of national debts in Bosnia being negative trends, high unemployment 38.7% and the large trade deficit remains a cause for concern. The national currency is the convertible mark (linked to the Euro), which is controlled by the Currency Council. Annual inflation is the lowest compared to other countries in the region as it reached 1.9% in 2004; international debt was $ 5.1 billion (as of December 31, 2014)

Real GDP growth rate was 5% for the year 2004 according to the Bosnian Central Bank of Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Statistical Office of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Bosnia and Herzegovina made positive progress in previous years, which moved its place decisively from the lowest levels of income equality in the income equality rankings fourteen out of 193 countries. According to Eurostat data, the GDP per capita of Bosnia and Herzegovina was 29 percent of the European Union average in 2010

The International Monetary Fund has announced a $ 500 million loan to Bosnia to be delivered under the standby arrangements. This was to be approved in September 2012. The United States Embassy in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina issues the Country Business Directory - an annual report that provides a comprehensive view of the commercial and economic environment of Bosnia and Herzegovina, using economic and political analysis and market analysis. In 2017, Bosnia and Herzegovina ranked third in the world in terms of the number of new jobs created by foreign investment, relative to population

In 2018, Bosnia and Herzegovina exported 11.9 billion Bosnian Marks (6.07 billion Euros) of goods, which is 7.43% more than the same period in 2017, while imports amounted to 19.27 billion Bosnian Marks (9.83 billion Euros), an increase of 5.47% 

According to World Tourism Organization projections, Bosnia and Herzegovina will have the third highest tourism growth rate in the world between 1995 and 2020.

In 2017, 1,307,319 tourists visited Bosnia and Herzegovina, an increase of 13.7%, and hotel stays recorded 2,677,125 overnight stays, an increase of 12.3% over the previous year. The proportion of foreign tourists is 71.5%

In 2006, when ranked the best cities in the world, Lonely Planet Sarajevo, the national capital and host of the 1984 Winter Olympics, ranked No. 43 on the list. Tourism in Sarajevo mainly focuses on historical, religious and cultural aspects. In 2010, Lonely Planet nominated Sarajevo as the "Best in Travel" rating as one of the ten best cities to visit that year. Sarajevo also won the "Best City to Visit" blog contest at Foxnomad Blog in 2012, defeating more than 100 other cities around the world

Medbugorje has become one of the most popular pilgrimage sites for Christians in the world and has turned into the third religious pilgrimage in Europe with more than a million people visiting each year. It is estimated that 30 million pilgrims have come to Megorje since their debut in 1981

Bosnia has also become an increasingly popular destination for skiing and ecotourism. Bosnia and Herzegovina remains one of the last undiscovered natural areas in the southern region of the Alps, where there are vast areas of wild and intangible nature that attract adventurers and nature lovers. National Geographic magazine ranked Bosnia and Herzegovina the best destination for mountain biking adventure 2012

The central Bosnian Dinar Alps are preferred by hikers and climbers, which contain both Mediterranean and alpine climates. Rafting on Whitewater is a kind of national pastime, with three rivers, including Europe's deepest river valley, Tara River valley

The Huffington Post recently described Bosnia and Herzegovina as "the world's greatest adventure for 2013," adding that the country boasts "the cleanest water and air in Europe; the greatest untouched forests; and the most wild animal. The best way to experience is a riverside trip." The three, which cruise through the best of the Balkans