Finland

Finland

Finland / is a northern country located in the Venus Scandinavian region in northern Europe. Sweden is bordered to the west, Norway to the north, and Russia to the east, while Estonia lies to the south across the Gulf of Finland. About 5.5 million people reside in Finland, with the majority concentrated in the southern region

Finland is relatively young in industrialization, maintaining an agricultural economy until the 1950s. This was followed by a rapid economic development as the country became a country of broad and balanced social welfare between East and West in terms of economy and world politics. Finland consistently leads international comparisons in national performance

Finland leads the list of the best countries in the world in the 2010 Newsweek magazine poll in terms of health, economic dynamism, education, political environment and quality of life. Finland is also the second most stable country in the world and the first in the 2009 Legatum Prosperity Ranking. In 2010, Finland was the seventh most competitive country in the world according to the World Economic Forum. Finland is currently the third country in terms of ratio of graduates to population at the regular graduation age, according to the OECD Factbook 2010

On March 29, 1809, the Duchy of Autonomous Finland became part of the Russian Empire until 1917 after it was controlled by Alexander I's armies in the Finnish War. In 1811 Alexander I annexed the Russian province of Viborg to the Grand Duchy of Finland. During the Russian era, the Finnish language began to gain some recognition. Beginning in the 1860s, a Finnish national movement known as the Finomen Movement appeared. The Finnish national epic "Kalevala" was published in 1835

The Finnish language achieved equal terms with Swedish in 1892. The famine that struck Finland between 1866-1868 killed about 15% of the population, making it one of the worst in European history. The famine spurred the Russian Empire to ease financial laws and increase investment in the following decades and economic and political development began and grew rapidly. However, per capita GDP was still half of that in the United States and one third of the British

In 1906, universal suffrage was adopted in the Grand Duchy of Finland. However, the relationship between the Duchy and the Russian Empire was strained when the Russian government took steps to restrict Finnish autonomy. For example, universal suffrage was practically meaningless since the Kaiser did not approve any of the laws adopted by the Finnish Parliament. The desire for independence developed first between the radical liberals and the socialists

Finland has thousands of lakes and islands - 187,888 lakes (greater than 500 m 2 / 0.12 acres) and 179,584 islands. Its largest lake is Lake Saimaa, which is the fourth largest lake in Europe. The Finnish landscape is usually flat, with some hills and a few mountains. The country's highest point is Hilti at 1,324 meters in the far north of Lapland on the border between Finland and Norway. The tallest mountain in Finland is Rednitsuka, 1,316 m high, and is located next to Hilti. Forests cover 86% of the country, and it is the largest forest area in Europe

It usually consists of pine, spruce, birch, pine, etc. Finland is the largest producer of wood in Europe and among the largest in the world. Most of the Finnish landscape (75% of the land area) covers coniferous forests such as the taiga and the fen with little arable land. The most common type of rock is granite. It is part of the scene across the country where it is seen when there is no soil

Glacial waste is the most common type of soil, which is covered by a thin layer of humus of vital origin. The Bodzole pattern of soil development is seen in most forests except for areas with poor water drainage. The largest part of the islands are located in the southwest of the archipelago and is part of the archipelago of أولland Islands and along the southern coast in the Gulf of Finland

Finland is one of the few countries in the world that is still expanding. Due to the ice retreat that occurs since the last ice age, the area of ​​the country increases by about 7 km2 annually. The distance from the far south in Hankou to the northernmost point of the country at Nurgham is 1160 km (721 miles)

In terms of plant distribution, Finland extends over the Arctic and Central European regions of the Arctic region within the Arctic Kingdom. According to WWF, Finland's lands can be divided into three ecological regions: Scandinavian and Russian taiga, mixed Sarmatian forests and birch forests of Scandinavian grasslands

Finland has a wide variety of animals. There are no less than sixty endemic mammals, about 248 species of birds, more than seventy species of fish and reptiles and eleven species of frogs and reptiles, most of which migrated from neighboring countries over thousands of years. Among the widely known wild mammals in Finland are the brown bear (national animal), gray wolf, wolverine, deer and reindeer

Of the three birds, the most striking are the Swan, Whopper, the Big European Swan, and the Finnish national capriccae, a black feathered bird from the wild chicken family and European Owl Eagle. The latter is an indication of the connection to the growth of ancient forests, which have declined due to the fragmentation of the landscape. Among the most common birds are the willow, the untouchable, and the red wing

Among the seventy species of freshwater fish, the northern pike, perch and others. Atlantic salmon are still preferred by flying carp enthusiasts. Among the endangered animals is the Saimaa ringed seal, which is one of only three species of lake seals in the world, which are limited to the Lake Saimaa system in southeastern Finland, up to only 300 seals today. This seal has become the emblem of the Finnish Nature Conservation Association

The Finnish climate is suitable for growing grains in the southern regions, not the north. The climate in Finland is humid, semi-cold continental, characterized by hot summers and freezing winters. The climate in southern Finland is moderate north. Winter in southern Finland (average daytime temperature below freezing) usually lasts for four months

Snow also covers the scene from mid-December to early April. On the southern coast, snow can melt several times in early winter to cover the ground again. The coldest days of winter in the south of the country are usually below -20 degrees Celsius while the warmest days of July and early August reach more than 30 degrees Celsius, although this is rare

Forests play a major role in the country's economy, making it one of the world's leading timber producers as it provides raw materials for timber-dependent industries at competitive prices. As in agriculture, the government has long played a leading role in the field of forests, regulating logging, sponsoring technical improvements, and developing long-term plans to ensure continued timber production in the country's forests. To maintain Finland's comparative advantage in forest products

The Finnish authorities are keen to increase production up to ecological limits. In 1984 the government published the Forestry Plan 2000 developed by the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry. The plan aims to increase forest crops by about 3 percent annually, while preserving forests for recreational and other uses. The private sector employs about 1.8 million people, about a third of whom have a university education. The cost of a private sector employee per hour was € 25.1 in 2004

In 2008, the average adjusted income and purchasing power levels were similar to those in Italy, Germany, Sweden and France. In 2006, companies under 250 employees employed 62% of the workforce, accounting for 49% of the total business volume and accounted for the strongest growth rate. Female employment has reached high levels, while gender segregation in male-dominated occupations and female-dominated occupations is higher than in the United States

The proportion of part-time workers was one of the lowest in the OECD in 1999. The employment rate was 68% and the unemployment rate was 6.8% in early 2008. About 18% of the population was outside the labor market at the age of 50 while workers were at the age of 61 Less than a third. Unfunded pensions and other promises, such as health insurance, are a concern and a hand that dominates future plans

Although Finland is much better prepared than countries like France or Germany. Public debt fell to about 32% of GDP in 2007. While average savings rates for families in 2007 were around -3.8 and their debt amounted to 101% of annual disposable income, a typical level in Europe. Home ownership was also at 60%