Tajikistan

Tajikistan

Tajikistan / a sovereign country, mountainous and locked in Central Asia

With an estimated population of 8 million people in 2013, it is the 98th most populous country with an area of ​​143,100 km2, and is the 96th largest country in the world by area. It borders Afghanistan in the south, Uzbekistan in the west, Kyrgyzstan in the north, and China in the east

The lands that now make up Tajikistan were already home to a number of ancient civilizations, including a Neolithic and Bronze Age city, and later to a kingdom of kingdoms ruled by followers of different religions and cultures, including the Oxus, Buddhism, Nestorian and Zoroastrian Christianity, and Manichaean 

The region was ruled by many empires and dynasties, including the Achaemenid Empire, the Samanids, the Mughal Empire, the Timurid state and the Russian Empire. It also became the result of the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Tajikistan, as an independent state in 1991. It fought a civil war almost immediately after independence that lasted from 1992 to 1997 but since the end of the war, the newly established political stability and foreign aid has allowed the country's economy to grow

Tajikistan's economy depends on the cultivation of agricultural crops, including cotton, vegetables, fruits and the production of high-quality aluminum (over 400,000 tons per year). Given that Tajikistan is a mountainous country, and thanks to its huge water resources, the country ranks eighth in the world in the world and the first in the Central Asian countries and 65% of the water resources in Central Asia pass through its territories

The productive capacity of renewable energy from water resources stocks in Tajikistan reaches 527 billion kilowatts annually, but the country does not exploit practically from these huge resources except by only 6%. Therefore, the Tajik government gives priority to exploiting these resources by building water stations to produce electrical energy to meet internal needs and exporting surplus ones to Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iran and other neighboring countries

Agricultural crops: wheat, barley, cotton (the finest cotton), vegetables, fruits, and citrus fruits. Livestock: livestock, sheep, goats, cows, collar and horses. - Mineral wealth: coal, zinc, lead, iron, bismuth, mercury, uranium, - gold, silver, precious stones, oil and gas fields. Industries: Aluminum, cotton and silk textiles, food industries, and cement. The public sector remains a major sector in the economy of Tajikistan. The state controls a large portion of the major industrial enterprises

However, Tajikistan is at present an economically unstable country with a weak diversification of agriculture, given that a large proportion of its population is occupied with agriculture. And only 6% of the farmland is arable

All branches of the economy are facing a recession caused by the civil war and the emigration of competent experts. The country's economy depends to a large extent on the money that immigrants bring. The number of Tajik citizens working in Russia has reached one million immigrants

Tajikistan possesses huge silver deposits as well as reservoirs of precious stones and uranium, whose reserves, according to some data, constitute 16% of the total global reserves, coal, aluminum, gold and other minerals, which encourages the leadership of the Republic to develop the mining industry. In addition to extracting natural gas in Wadi Nahri, Khush and Ghaisar

The sale of extracted aluminum in the Republic constitutes half of the revenue from export. The export of cotton, which was a Tajik brand under Soviet rule, came second

Tajikistan has a population of 7349145 (July 2009 EDT) of which 70% are under the age of 30 and 35% are between 14 and 30 Tajiks who speak (Tajik) are the main ethnic group, although there are significant minorities of Uzbeks and Russians , Whose numbers are declining due to migration. The Pamiri people are considered Dakhshan, with a population of few people, and a large minority of Ismailis cease to belong to a larger group of Tajiks. All citizens of Tajikistan called on Tajiks

Islam is the most prevalent religion in Tajikistan, and Muslims make up 98% of which Sunnis make up nearly 90% of the population and the Shiites 3%, while 7% are Muslims without a sect. There are also those who condemn Russian Orthodox Christianity, in addition to other Christian groups and a Jewish minority

The Hanafi school has been recognized as an official sect by the government since 2009. Tajikistan considers itself a secular state with a constitution that provides for freedom of religion. The government announced two Islamic holidays, Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha, and state holidays. According to a statement by the US State Department and the Pew Research Group, the population of Tajikistan is 98% Muslim

Approximately 87% -95% of them are Sunni, nearly 3% are Shi'a and nearly 7% are non-sectarian Muslims. The remaining 2% of the population are followers of Russian Orthodox, Protestant, Zoroastrian and Buddhist. The vast majority of Muslims fast during Ramadan, although only about a third is in the countryside and 10% in cities monitor daily prayer and dietary restrictions

Bukhari Jews have lived in Tajikistan since the 2nd century BC, but today not much is left of them. In 1940, the Jewish community in Tajikistan counted nearly 30,000 people. Most of them were Persian-speaking Bukhari Jews who had lived in the region for thousands of years alongside Ashkenazi Jews from Eastern Europe who had been resettled there in the Soviet era. Now the Jewish population is estimated at less than 500, about half of whom live in Dushanbe

Relations between religious groups are generally friendly, although there is some concern among leaders of Islamic sects that religious minorities undermine national unity. There is concern for religious institutions becoming active in the political sphere. The Islamic Renaissance Party (Institutional Revolutionary Party), a major fighter in the 1992-97 civil war and at that time advocates the creation of an Islamic state in Tajikistan, does not constitute more than 30% of the government by the statute

Membership in Hizb ut-Tahrir, which is a hardline Islamist party today that aims to topple secular governments and unify the Tajiks under one Islamic state, is illegal and members are subject to arrest and imprisonment. The number of large mosques appropriate for Friday prayers is limited and some of this is discriminatory